Oedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus Essay - 1261 Words

Reading through three related stories, we discover different motifs denoting author’s thought in different time.Without any doubt, the tragic essence goes through the Three Theban Plays. As Sophocles meditates the philosophy of the tragedy all along his life, the tragic essence expands from individuals in a society. The conflict in each play becomes increasingly complicated. In Antigone, we can clearly distinguish the conflict between Antigone and Creon, family and politics. However, in Oedipus at Colonus, the play merges all the conflicts happened to former plays and enhances the theme of the story. The later part of this trilogy, especially the ending of Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, reveals a darker and deeper phenomenon of Thebes and projects it to Oedipus. The prophet plays important role of forming the story line and tragic image of Oedipus, but the root causing the series of tragedy of the characters is not gods’ command. It is degeneration of people, which is pathetic to humanity. Finally, after suffering from family complex and exile, Oedipus is not only a victim of the society, but also the reflection of the twisted humanity of Thebes. In the Oedipus the King, Sophocles hides the true cause of tragedy, victim and murder behind the word, indicating a larger crime under the surface. Firstly, he conceals the degenerated entity of Thebes under the prophet. Fate, as the inseparable element, forms a smooth circle of Oedipus’ life. The tragic ending had beenShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature that distinguishes Oedipus as a true hero. The theme of the evolutionRead MoreOedipus The King, And Oedipus At Colonus1065 Words   |  5 PagesAlong with Oedipus the King, and Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone is one of Sophocles’ three Theban tragic plays estimated to have been written – or at least performed for the first time - in 442 BCE. At the start of the play it is communicated that Antigone, along with her sister Ismene, are the sole surviving children of Oedipus. Their brothers, Polyneices and Eteocles, have recently been killed in a battle in which they fought on opposing sides. Polyneices led a mercenary force to conquer Thebes,Read MoreOedipus The King, And Oedipus At Colonus1343 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus, a play written by Sophocles, has become a staple in the study of a Tragic hero in classic literature. When this was written in the fifth century, theatre was more than a means of entertainment but almost a religious event. Robert Fagles goes even further by saying that†theatre was not only a religious festival; it was also an aspect of the city’s political life.† (Fagles) . Gr eek dramas were presented only twice a year during religious festivals that honored Dionysus, the god of winesRead More Comparing Creons Metamorphosis in Antigone, Oedipus the King, and Oedipus at Colonus1114 Words   |  5 PagesCreons Metamorphosis in Antigone, Oedipus the King, and Oedipus at Colonus      Ã‚  Ã‚   Temptation is ever present in our society and always has been throughout human history. When a person gives into temptation, this is seen as a sign of weakness. Usually, after a person has given into temptation once, that person will find each successive temptation easier and easier to give in to. Before realizing it, this person has changed into a completely false, morally lacking being. Over the course of SophoclesRead MoreOedipus Rex By Oedipus The King1206 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus’ evolution throughout the Theban plays is one with fascinating twists and turns. Oedipus’ characterisation evolves and changes as he experiences the fall from being the great ruler of Thebes into a blind beggar who is tortured by what he did. As the stories progress, so does their protagonist to the point where the Oedipus of the second play is a completely different man. In Oedipus Rex, the main character is portrayed as a strong and clever yet arrogant king whose ignora nce leads him toRead MoreOedipus Trilogy Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Oedipus Trilogy Oedipus Rex, or Oedipus Tyrannus as it is in Latin, could be what we call today a Freudian work of literature. The Oedipus Trilogy was originally written by Sophocles and is meant to be told in a story-telling fashion. But this Grecian tragedy was revised and translated into English by Paul Roche and put into a novel form. The Oedipus Trilogy is a novel that deals with destiny and fate. The reader is shown a series of events plotted out from which Oedipus cannot escapeRead MoreCharacter Development in the Oedipus Cycle875 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Oedipus Cycle Sophocles conveys a powerful message through his charactersÂâ€"that with experience comes wisdom, and with wisdom comes the ability to see the truth. Oedipus is the man of unyielding pride and arrogance, Creon, his brother, is the crafty politician, and Antigone, the daughter of Oedipus, is perceptive and righteous. These three characters personae play a major role in making the idea of truth tangible. In the beginning of Oedipus Rex, Oedipus is still riding on the powerRead MoreEssay on Hope in Oedipus at Colonus2217 Words   |  9 PagesHope in Oedipus at Colonus      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Greek tragedy Oedipus at Colonus was written by the renowned Greek playwright Sophocles at around 404 B.C.. In the play, considered to be one of the best Greek dramas ever written, Sophocles uses the now broken down and old Oedipus as a statement of hope for man. As Oedipus was royalty and honor before his exile from his kingdom of Thebes he is brought down to a poor, blind old man who wonders, â€Å"Who will receive the wandering Oedipus today?† (Sophocles 283)Read MoreNoting Details1540 Words   |  7 Pagesby Sopocles is characterization. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles used characterization to portray Oedipus as the tragic hero. A third literary device used in the play is flashback, which is where the story switches from the present to an event that occurred in the past. The most important literary device in the play is dramatic irony. It is frequently used throughout most of the play. For example, when Creon tells Oedipus about the gods curse on Thebes, Oedipus puts his own curse on the murderer ofRead MoreActing on Emotion938 Words   |  4 Pagesexample, Oedipus is one of Sophocles’ characters that allowed his actions to be ruled by his emotions when he was traveling along the road. Laius’ group passed and the leader and the master ordered him out of the way. The driver shoved Oedipus out of the way and in fury he struck the driver. But the master (Laius) saw it and as Oedipus passed, he struck Oedipus on the head. But Oedipus, in a fit of rage, killed everyone in the party not knowing that the master was Laius, his father. Oedipus is ruled

Odysseus Or Gilgamesh - Will The Real Epic Hero Please...

Odysseus or Gilgamesh - Will the real Epic Hero please stand up? â€Å"Gilgamesh went to the entrance into the mountain and entered the darkness alone, without a companion. By the time he reached the end of the first league the darkness was total, nothing behind or before. He made his way, companionless, to the end† (Book 9 p. 51, The Epic of Gilgamesh). In The Epic of Gilgamesh, an epic poem translated by N.K. Sanders, Gilgamesh is a character who is by all accounts an epic hero. As a person of nobility, he becomes tyrannical and overpowering in his strength, until the gods present him with a challenge- an equal counterpart to Gilgamesh’s fortitude. Gilgamesh battles with this new encountered foe, named Enkidu, yet because of their equivalent vitality, they end up cancelling each other out, and through a twist of events, Gilgamesh befriends Enkidu. This friendship is everlasting, through thick and thin. After Enkidu’s death and traveling in search for an answer to life’s cruelty and abandonment, Gilgamesh finds a new p erspective on life and returns home to his rightful place on the throne. The Epic of Gilgamesh entails the hardships and retribution that the main character, Gilgamesh, â…” god and â…“ human and King of Uruk, endures. Comparatively, Gilgamesh is more of an epic hero than Odysseus from The Odyssey by Homer, whose story also follows the structure of the Epic Hero Cycle. This is because Gilgamesh embarks on multiple epic journeys, and on the way, grows and learns from hisShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Odyssey21353 Words   |  86 PagesThe Odyssey Set in ancient Greece, The Odyssey is about the hero Odysseus long-awaited return from the Trojan War to his homeland, Ithaca, after ten years of wandering. The current action of The Odyssey occupies the last six weeks of the ten years, and the narrative includes many places - Olympus, Ithaca, Pylos, Pherae, Sparta, Ogygia, and Scheria. In Books 9-12, Odysseus narrates the story of his travels in the years after the fall of Troy, and this narrative includes other far-flung

Consumer Consumption and Perception †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Consumption and Perception. Answer: Introduction Good harvest is a company located in Sunshine Coast that offers delivery services for their organic products that they plant and grow on their farms. This is the companys second year in business, meaning it is still in the startup phase. Like any startup business, it faces a wide range of challenges ranging from raising finance, establishing customer loyalty and retention, competition from established businesses, hiring employees, etc. Like most startups, Good Harvest faces the challenges of low average sales, low revenue, and high cost of goods, which makes it difficult to get new customers and retain the ones they have. The business also suffers from a low workforce, with which they have to manage and operate the business. The purpose of this analysis therefore, is to determine the financial performance of the business and the products by looking into its sales, profits, and cost of goods. By doing so, the research will be able to come up with solutions and recommendations that could ensure the business doesnt go under like most startups, but instead, ensure its success by continuous growth in sales, increase in profits and increased retention of profits. The biggest challenges faced by any company usually involves finances. There are other challenges such as poor management that a business can come back from, but the issue of money usually leads to the utter and complete downfall of a business. Being a new business, this could not only lead to extreme financial challenges, but to the closure of the business as a whole (Davidsson et al. 2006). For new businesses, they face the challenge of setting their prices to a certain balance where they can gain profits and at the same time, not scare away their customers. This is among the toughest decisions to be made by startups (Nwobu 2016). Companies which deal in organic products also at times suffer from bad products which may be a result of wrong season plantation or disease and nutrient-management. It is therefore important that a farmer is fully knowledgeable of the on and off seasons for their products, be aware of what effects rainfall and lack off, will have in the productivity, sale s and profitability of the said products (Finckh 2006). Finally, bringing to order, the sales department of a business may result in a huge financial breakthrough (Ganesan 2016)s. The sales department is the money-generating branch of any given business, the steady revenues attained from selling products can be used for managing the operations of the other departments in the business. By solving these three main challenges of the business, we could be able to confirm the success of the new company in this startup-hostile environment. Descriptive Statistics Statistical analysis for this report is performed using two datasets for the food shop, where one dataset is made up of data for product mix whereas the second dataset is made up of data on the sales summary. The product mix dataset has ten variables each with 1034 observations, while the sales summary dataset consists if eighteen variables each with 366 observations. The data in these datasets contains both quantitative and qualitative data. For this analysis, I changed the variable type of Product Class category from Ordinal to Nominal and variable type of Product Category from Ordinal to Nominal. This is because both variables are categorical variables based on neither merit nor order; hence they are nominal variables. N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Net Profit ($) 1034 0 8703 164.74 482.106 Valid N (listwise) 1034 Table 1: Summary: Net Profit N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Total Sales ($) 1034 0 17276 369.96 1014.719 Valid N (listwise) 1034 Table 2: Summary: Total Sales N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Cost of Goods ($) 1034 0 8573 205.22 561.072 Valid N (listwise) 1034 Table 3: Summary: Cost of Goods Statistical Analysis and Results The top selling product with a maximum sales of 17276 is Bananas Cavendish while the worst selling product with the lowest score of 0 is Scarves Small. The Statistical research questions that this report seeks to answer are: Is there a difference in payments methods? Is there differences in sales performance based on where the product is located in the shop? Is there a difference in sales and gross profits between different months of the year? Are their differences in sales performance between different seasons? How does rainfall and profit relate? Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will be used in these analyses when determining the difference in mans for the various categories such as payment methods, seasons, months of the year, etc., as stated in the research questions. ANOVA will be used to answer all the questions except the last research question, where well use correlation analysis. The p-value from the ANOVA output on table 4, page 14 is 0.00, which is less than alpha (0.05). This provides sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternate hypothesis; we reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is a difference in payment methods among the four payment methods. A post hoc analysis (Tukey HSD) is then performed to determine where the difference exists among the four payment methods (cash, credit card, visa card and MasterCard). The results of the post hoc analysis as per table 5 on page 14, reveals that there exists a difference between cash, and credit cards, visa card and MasterCard. There also exists a difference between MasterCard, and cash, credit card and visa card. There is no significant difference between credit card and visa card modes of payments. Cash appears to be the most popular payment mode while MasterCard is the least popular. The p-value from the ANOVA output on table 6, page 15 is 0.00, which is less than alpha (0.05). This provides sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternate hypothesis; we therefore reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is a difference in sales performance for products based on their location in the shop. A post hoc analysis (Tukey HSD) is then performed to determine where the difference exists among the five locations in the shop (left, right, front, outside front and rear). The results of the post hoc analysis as per table 7 on page 15, reveals that there exists a difference in sales between front and rear locations of the shop. A difference also exists in sales between right and left locations in the shop. The products in the left location had the best sales performances followed by products on the right location. Products on outside front had the poorest sales performance. The p-value from the ANOVA output on table 10, page 16 is 0.814, which exceeds the alpha value of 0.05. This provides insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternate hypothesis; we therefore fail to reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is no difference in sales performance between different seasons. We performed a correlation analysis to establish presence of or lack of a relationship between rainfall and profits. The results if this analysis as per table 11, on page 16 reveals a correlation coefficient of 0.885. This suggests presence of a linear relationship between rainfall and profits. To mean that as one variable increases, so does the other, i.e., as rainfall increases, so does profits. Conclusions The results attained from examining the financial status of the organic firm business, brings to our attention that the performance of the business varies according to the different seasons and months of the year. There are certain months when sales performance is high and and profit recorded are high. There are certain weather conditions such as rainfall that guarantees much higher profits compared to profits garnered during non-rainy seasons. Finally, there are some locations in the shop that guarantees better sales performance compared to other locations. With this deeper insight into the operation of the organic firm business, the C.E.O is able to make better more informed decisions. For instance, the products that dont sell most and therefore garner the lowest profits can be put in the location of the shop with the best sales performance. This will ensure improved performance of these products. Of course the other products that have gained favor among the customers will continue to sell despite their locations. Customers will go the extra mile to get their regular products. Another recommendation is that the company takes advantage of the rainy seasons and gain the highest profits possible, so that even during the non-rainy seasons when the profits are low, the business maintains a balance. Implementation of these fully informed suggestions will without a doubt result in an excellent performance of the business financially, which will eventually ensure its success. References Finckh, M. R., Schulte-Geldermann, E., Bruns, C. (2006). Challenges to organic potato farming: disease and nutrient management.Potato Research,49(1), 27-42. Davidsson, P., Delmar, F., Wiklund, J. (2006). Entrepreneurship as growth; growth as entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Firms, 21-38. Nwobu, U. (2016, August 25). Most Common Challenges Faced By Start-Ups. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ursula-nwobu/most-common-challenges-faced-by-start-ups_b_11701900.html Wei, Y. S., Samiee, S., Lee, R. P. (2014). The influence of organic organizational cultures, market responsiveness, and product strategy on firm performance in an emerging market.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), 49-70. Ganesan, S. (2016, August 22). 6 challenges faced by early-stage startups that some effective tools can help you combat. Retrieved from https://yourstory.com/2016/08/challenges-early-stage-startups/ Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management science,29(7), 770-791. Thompson, G. D. (1998). Consumer demand for organic foods: what we know and what we need to know.American Journal of Agricultural Economics,80(5), 1113-1118. Bezawada, R., Pauwels, K. (2013). What is special about marketing organic products? How organic assortment, price, and promotions drive retailer performance.Journal of Marketing,77(1), 31-51. Chinnici, G., DAmico, M., Pecorino, B. (2002). A multivariate statistical analysis on the consumers of organic products.British Food Journal,104(3/4/5), 187-199. Radman, M. (2005). Consumer consumption and perception of organic products in Croatia.British food journal,107(4), 263-273. Tsakiridou, E., Boutsouki, C., Zotos, Y., Mattas, K. (2008). Attitudes and behaviour towards organic products: an exploratory study.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,36(2), 158-175. Jnsk, J. (2005). Analysis of current situation in sales of selected organic products in the Czech Republic.Zem?d?lsk ekonomika,51(7), 309-313. Aryal, K. P., Chaudhary, P., Pandit, S., Sharma, G. (2009). Consumers willingness to pay for organic products: a case from Kathmandu valley.Journal of Agriculture and Environment,10, 15-26. Casadesus?Masanell, R., Crooke, M., Reinhardt, F., Vasishth, V. (2009). Households' willingness to pay for green goods: evidence from Patagonia's introduction of organic cotton sportswear.Journal of Economics Management Strategy,18(1), 203-233.

THE PROS AND CONS ABOUT LEGALIZING MARIJUANA Essays - Herbalism

THE PROS AND CONS ABOUT LEGALIZING MARIJUANA Mainstream vs. Alternative Media; who do we believe? The Journal of Media Studies Writer Discussion of the legalization of marijuana brings up two main issues, those who are pro- marijuana and those who are anti- marijuana. These issues have been covered by both mainstream and alternative media, mainstream being pro, and alternative being anti. These two factions have been arguing over this issue in the halls of justice for many years. Because most of the American society is mainly exposed to only mainstream media, they are not aware of other factors of legalizing marijuana that alternative media covers. The problem caused by this lack of exposure, is that the public may be deprived of the truth, and may be led to believe facts that are not true. Marijuana and Medicine Both pro and anti- marijuana groups have discussed whether or not marijuana can be used for medicinal purposes. Mainstream groups do not believe that there are any convincing reasons to make marijuana a treatment to sick patients. Their position is that marijuana can have harmful long-term effects. The Anti-Legalization Forum explains that some of these effects are: impairment of the immune system due to the inability of T-cells to battle off diseases, delaying puberty in both males and females, and unhealthy and smaller children born to women who used marijuana during pregnancy. The Drug Enforcement Administration believes that since marijuana is not accepted by any American health associations, there is no reason to legalize the drug. They think that the main reason why pro marijuana advocates use the medical use argument is because the uninformed public can be easily convinced to support the movement. Simply not enough evidence proves that marijuana can be used medically (Claim V). Unlike the D.E.A., lobbying groups such as the Cannabis Action Network and the Indiana Civil Liberties Union, believe that marijuana is a beneficial herb, and not a harmful drug (ICLU). Alternative media sources, such as "Marijuana As Medicine," state that marijuana can be used as medicine for: nausea, appetite stimulation, relief from vomiting, reduction in spasticity, glaucoma, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, asthma, multiple sclerosis, stimulation of the immune system, Aids patient and cancer patients. For victims with AIDS, cancer and multiple sclerosis, smoking marijuana is believed to help reduce emesis, suppress vomiting, and stimulate the appetite. People with multiple sclerosis are convinced that smoking marijuana also reduces the intensity of their spasms. "Marijuana As Medicine," a Cannabis Action Network pamphlet, states that, "Two highly qualified and experienced ophthalmologists have accepted marijuana as having a medical use in treatment of glaucoma." When taken, parts of cannabis lower intraocular pressure in the eye. There are rumors that marijuana suppresses the immune system. "Marijuana Myths" dismisses this belief because the myth was based on studies where the experimental animals were given near-lethal-doses of cannabinoids, and these results have never been repeated on humans. In fact, two studies displayed that the immune system may actually have been stimulated by the use of hashish and marijuana. On the other hand, a separate alternative source stated that marijuana (Delta-nine-THC) does possess an immunosuppressive effect. Marijuana shuts off some cells in the liver, instead of stimulating them. The effect is only temporary and goes away rapidly. According to "Marijuana As Medicine," Approximately 30% of all prescription drugs can be replaced by THC, so pro- marijuana groups lead to believe that one of the reasons why the drug is not legalized is because it would take the profit away from currently used drugs. These groups suppose that since no one has ever died from marijuana use, it must be safe. We can already see the different myths that people read and get confused about. The one thing that pro- marijuana groups agree upon is that "Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man" (Marijuana As Medicine). Marijuana and Crime Another issue considered by the mass media is whether marijuana has an effect on crime or not. As written in the "Anti-Legalization Forum," the D.E.A. believes that drug use contributes to crime and violence. Many police officers say that criminal activity is not caused by dealers, but by those that are under the influence of the drug. A study showed that among males (18-49 years old) those who used cannabis were ten times more likely to commit violent acts than non-users. Anti marijuana groups look to the example of gangs,

Airlines

Airlines Are the changes in baggage handling helping ease the mind of the frequent flier? The tragic events of September 11 caused a tremendous ripple of changes in the United States. One large and important response has been a deep revision of an important form of travel. Airport security over the past four months has been looked at under a microscope. The change in baggage handling has drawn a lot of concern. The old lackluster method for checking bags is a way of the past. The new method calls for all bags that are checked to be examined. Is this justified? Is the government worrying about the wrong aspects of air travel? Will changes like these promote or deter people from flying? The government is passing legislation to tighten up all forms of security in airports. Will this make passengers safer? Will people be compelled to fly if they know that all the baggage in the planes belly has been searched? Most people never thought the events on September 11 could happen.Biometric United State s passport issued in 2007Will this change prevent problems on airplanes? These days less people are willing to travel. If things do not get better soon many people might never fly again. It only makes sense that the government should try and make it clear in the minds of the travelers, that every possible thing is being done to make air travel safer. Are the procedures that are being put in place making people feel safer, or are they making flying a hassle for the passengers? The things that are being done by the government should make the current status of air travel better. Are United States Citizens once again becoming comfortable with flying?

Corpus Callosum and Brain Function

Corpus Callosum and Brain Function The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right hemispheres. It connects the left and right sides of the brain allowing for communication between both hemispheres. The corpus callosum transfers motor, sensory, and cognitive information between the brain hemispheres. Function The corpus callosum is the largest fiber bundle in the brain, containing nearly 200 million axons. It is composed of white matter fiber tracts known as commissural fibers. It is involved in several functions of the body including: Communication Between Brain HemispheresEye Movement and VisionMaintaining the Balance of Arousal and AttentionTactile Localization From anterior (front) to posterior (back), the corpus callosum can be divided into regions known as the rostrum, genu, body, and splenium. The rostrum and genu connect the left and right frontal lobes of the brain. The body and splenium connect the hemispheres of the temporal lobes and the hemispheres of the occipital lobes. The corpus callosum plays an important role in vision by combining the separate halves of our visual field, which process images separately in each hemisphere. It also allows us to identify the objects we see by connecting the visual cortex with the language centers of the brain. In addition, the corpus callosum transfers tactile information (processed in the parietal lobes) between the brain hemispheres to enable us to locate touch. Location Directionally, the corpus callosum is located underneath the cerebrum at the midline of the brain. It resides within the interhemispheric fissure, which is a deep furrow that separates the brain hemispheres. Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a condition in which an individual is born with a partial corpus callosum or no corpus callosum at all. The corpus callosum typically develops between 12 to 20 weeks and continues to experience structural changes even into adulthood. AgCC can be caused by a number of factors including chromosome mutations, genetic inheritance, prenatal infections, and other causes that are unknown. Individuals with AgCC may experience cognitive and communication developmental delays. They may have difficulty understanding language and social cues. Other potential problems include vision impairment, lack of movement coordination,  hearing problems, low muscle tone, distorted head or facial features, spasms, and seizures. How are people born without a corpus callosum able to function? How are both hemispheres of their brain able to communicate? Researchers have discovered that the resting state brain activity in both those with healthy brains and those with AgCC look essentially the same. This indicates that the brain compensates for the missing corpus callosum by rewiring itself and establishing new nerve connections between the brain hemispheres. The actual process involved in establishing this communication is still unknown.

Competitive and strategic Analysis 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Competitive and strategic Analysis 1 - Essay Example The financial department will lack funds for paying employees and buying the required facilities. Other departments such as engineering, design, customer service and production will not work effectively because of inadequate resources. The essential goal of the marketing department is to increase the company’s market share by 25% by the end of the year 2014. The company will require a variety of resources for effective execution of the planned marketing action: financial resources for paying marketers and buying airtime, human resources who will work as marketers, printers for making advertising posters, and road show lorries for street advertising (Rajagopal, 19). Measuring the effectiveness of the marketing plan will be critical to the organization’s success. Pepsi Company will determine the functionality of the marketing plan by comparing the amount of sales before and after the marketing plan. If the amount of sales increases, the functional strategy would have produced the required results; however, decline in the sales volume will indicate failure of the strategy. The functional strategy, therefore, will need to be